The cards only mention the person’s date of birth, not the place. It is therefore not possible to say whether the applicants based their nationality on their birthplace or whether they defined it in another way after the war had ended. It is therefore worth seeking out other documents about the person that might have been preserved. For example, after the war, Jewish DPs often did not base their nationality on their birthplace or country of origin; instead of Polish or Hungarian, they simply wrote “Jewish.”